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Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations 2000 - Guidance

Table of contents

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1. Introduction

In Britain today about one person in eight has a disability. Many of those seven million disabled people find it difficult or impossible to use conventional public transport, including bus and coach services. There are also many older people who face similar difficulties. Age and disability are, of course, not synonymous but there is a very strong correlation between them. Two thirds of disabled people are elderly.

Disabled people include those who

- have a mobility impairment, ranging from those who cannot climb steps or walk unaided, and includes wheelchair users wishing to travel in their wheelchair
- have sensory impairments, including people with low vision and people with hearing impairments
- have communication or learning difficulties.

The Government is committed to comprehensive and enforceable civil rights for disabled people. Achieving a fully accessible public transport system is a key element of that policy.

Section 40 of The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 gives the Secretary of State a power to make regulations to ensure that public service vehicles are accessible to disabled people. The Government used these powers to bring the Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations 2000 (S.I.2000/1970) ("the Regulations") into force on 30th August 2000.

The Regulations apply to any public service vehicle with a capacity exceeding 22 passengers used to provide a local or scheduled service. New buses and coaches must comply from 31 December 2000 with the exception of wheelchair access to smaller buses and to coaches which will apply from 1 January 2005. Vehicles covered by the Regulations are referred to as "regulated public service vehicles". The requirements include:-

The Government recognises that many existing vehicles cannot be modified to meet these requirements or it is not cost effective to do so. Such vehicles are allowed to continue in service for a period representing the end of their economic life. Nothing within these regulations requires a vehicle to be retro-fitted to meet the requirements unless an operator wishes to continue to use a vehicle on a local or scheduled service beyond the date from which all vehicles in such use must comply.

This document is intended to provide guidance for those in the manufacturing and operating industries on meeting the requirements of the Regulations. It should, however, be noted that this guidance does not replace, nor does it qualify the Regulations in any way, and in every case reference should be made to the relevant provisions of the Regulations themselves to determine the precise extent of the legal requirements. The guidance covers:-

It should be noted that the Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations 2000, prescribe the minimum that is acceptable to meet the needs of disabled people. The guidance explains the intention of the regulatory requirements and provides advice on best practice that should be followed, recognising that there may be circumstances in which design or operational constraints apply. Nothing contained in the best practice guidance may be used as a reason for refusing to issue an accessibility certificate. It is, however, vitally important for manufacturers and operators to recognise that designing down to the minimum will not provide the best opportunity to travel for disabled passengers - who are likely to constitute a significant new passenger market for the industry.

The Government intend that the Regulations will mark a major step forward in improving opportunities for the independent mobility of disabled people using buses and coaches. But the improvements will not only help disabled people. All passengers will benefit from improved accessibility, particularly older people, those with small children and those carrying luggage. The wheelchair space is designed for a wide range of manual and powered wheelchairs. Wheelchair users should note that wheelchairs that are larger than the reference wheelchair (given in the regulations) and scooters are not suitable for use on public transport.

The Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (DPTAC - the Government's statutory advisers on the transport needs of disabled people) have agreed that the Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations 2000 and particularly this associated guidance supercede the non-statutory DPTAC Recommended Specification For Buses Used To Operate Local Services and Recommended Specification for Low-Floor Buses.

DETR with the full support of DPTAC, the Association of Transport Co-ordinating Officers (ATCO), the Passenger Transport Executive Group (PTEG), the Confederation of Passenger Transport (CPT) and the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) urge Local Authorities to avoid developing additional specification requirements at local level. This is unhelpful to disabled people who need consistent vehicle designs and is also unhelpful to manufacturers and operators.

The regulations are available in large print, electronic format and audio from the DETR Mobility and Inclusion Unit (see page 138).

2. Scope of the Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations

In general the Regulations apply to all buses and coaches operating to a published timetable. Very small buses and coaches (with a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers) are excluded, as are vehicles used for holiday or touring services, day trips or private hire for example, to a theatre or theme park.

Initially the Regulations apply only to new vehicles and therefore many services may continue to operate with vehicles that do not comply or with a mixture of vehicles. However, in recent years the majority of new buses have been made more accessible to disabled people including a number that are wheelchair accessible. Although such vehicles may not comply with all aspects of these Regulations they will continue to provide a service to disabled people during the transition period until the dates at which all buses and coaches must comply, in full, with the technical requirements.

Operators should note that during this transition period a mix of vehicles on the same route creates uncertainty for disabled people wishing to make use of accessible vehicles. It also reduces the commercial benefit to the operator of more accessible vehicles. This practice should therefore be avoided. Where it is unavoidable, the timetable should show as clearly as possible which services are accessible. It is however recognised that due to unforeseen circumstances (such as a vehicle breakdown) there may be occasions where it will not be possible to provide an accessible vehicle.

The Regulations require all buses and coaches, both old and new, to comply from the year 2015 (through to 2017) for buses and from 2020 for coaches. Different dates apply according to the size and type of vehicle. From then on all public transport by bus or coach, with the few exceptions mentioned above, will be accessible to disabled people, including wheelchair users.

It should be noted that the Regulations apply only to public service vehicles and therefore a vehicle that is not a public service vehicle (i.e. one that is not operated on a commercial basis for hire and reward) is outside the scope of the Regulations.

3. Implementing the Regulations and Best Practice

This section details the requirements of the Regulations and Schedules 1 to 6. For ease of use, each requirement of the Regulations is given in bold type with a shaded background followed by one, or more of the following elements as may be appropriate:

a) Design need (to explain the purpose of the Regulation in terms of the needs of disabled people or the operational need);

b) Application (to assist the reader to understand the regulatory requirement); and

c) Best practice (to specify provisions that should be followed wherever possible).

Manufacturers and operators should note that where facilities which are not covered by the Regulations are provided on a vehicle, they should as far as practicable ensure that these facilities can be used by disabled people. Taking account of good design practice for steps, handrails, colour contrast and other relevant features will assist disabled people. Some disabled people can also benefit from the use of tactile markings. Further information may be found in Appendix C.

Warning

The extracts from the Regulations provided in this document are for guidance only. The text of the Regulations, to which readers must refer, is published by HMSO. That text is the definitive statement of the law.

Regulation

Part I
PRELIMINARY

Citation, commencement and extent
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations 2000 and shall come into force on 30th August 2000. This is the date that the Regulations become part of British law. The date from which vehicles must comply is different and can be found in regulation 3.

Regulation

Interpretation
This regulation specifies the meaning of certain words, terms or phrases used in the Regulations

Regulation

2. -(1) In these Regulations -

"the 1970 Directive" means Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers(a), as last amended by Commission Directive 98/14/EC of 6th February 1998 (b);

"the 1981 Regulations" means the Public Service Vehicles (Conditions of Fitness, Equipment, Use and Certification) Regulations 1981(c); "accessibility certificate" means a certificate issued by a vehicle examiner in accordance with Part III;

"bus" means a public service vehicle designed and constructed for the carriage of both seated and standing passengers which is of category M2 or M3 (as defined in Annex II(A) to the 1970 Directive) and has a capacity exceeding 22 passengers, in addition to the driver;

"coach" means a public service vehicle designed and constructed for the carriage of seated passengers only which is of category M2 or M3 (as defined in Annex II(A) to the 1970 Directive and has a capacity exceeding 22 passengers, in addition to the driver;

In relation to bus or coach above, M2 or M3 means - Category M2: vehicles used for the carriage of passengers comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass not exceeding 5 tonnes. Category M3: vehicles used for the carriage of passengers comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 tonnes.

Regulation

"conformity certificate" means a certificate issued by a vehicle examiner in accordance with Part VI;

"declaration of conformity" means a declaration made by an authorised person in accordance with Part V;

"double-deck", in relation to a bus or coach, means that the spaces provided for the passengers are arranged (at least in one part) on two superimposed levels and that space for standing passengers is not provided on the upper deck;

"EEA State" means a State which is a contracting party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2nd May 1992 as adjusted by the Protocol signed in Brussels on 17th March1993(d);

"local service" has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Transport Act 1985(e) ;

The majority of bus services fall within the description of "local service".

Regulation

"motor vehicle" has the same meaning as in Annex II (A) to the 1970 Directive;

A motor vehicle is defined as having at least four wheels and, in the case of category M vehicles, is used for the carriage of passengers.

Regulation

"regulated public service vehicle" means any public service vehicle to which these Regulations apply in accordance with regulation 3(1);

"scheduled service" means a service, using one or more public service vehicles, for the carriage of passengers at separate fares -

(a) along specified routes,

(b) at specified times, and

(c) with passengers being taken up and set down at pre-determined stopping points,

but does not include a tour service;

The phrase "scheduled service" is to include bus and coach services that operate over longer distances and with few stops such as inter-city coach services.

Regulation

"seated passengers" means the number of seated passengers that a vehicle may carry in accordance with the Public Service Vehicles (Carrying Capacity) Regulations 1984(f);

"standing passengers" means the number of standing passengers that a vehicle may carry in accordance with the Public Service Vehicles (Carrying Capacity) Regulations 1984;

"tour service" means a service where a public service vehicle is used for or in conjunction with the carriage of passengers to a particular location, or particular locations and back to their point of departure;

The phrase "tour service" describes services such as a holiday or day trip which are excluded from the scope of the Regulations. Buses and coaches used to provide feeder services to common pick-up points in support of a tour are included within this definition.

Regulation

"type vehicle approval" means an approval given by the Secretary of State in accordance with Part IV;

"weight" means design weight as defined in regulation 3(2) of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986(g) and the words "weighs" and "weighing" shall be construed accordingly;

And other expressions used in Schedules 1 to 3 have the meanings given to them respectively in paragraph 1 of those Schedules.

(2) For the purpose of these Regulations, the date on which a regulated public service vehicle is "first used" shall be taken to be such date as is the earlier of the relevant dates mentioned below applicable to that vehicle, that is to say -

(a) in the case of a vehicle registered under the Roads Act 1920(a), the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1949(b), the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1962(c), the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971(d) or the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994(e), the relevant date is the date on which it was first so registered; and

(b) in each of the following cases:

(i) a vehicle which is being or has been used under a trade licence within the meaning of section 11(1) of the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 (otherwise than for the purposes of demonstration or testing or of being delivered from premises of the manufacturer by whom it was made, or of a distributor of vehicles or dealer in vehicles, to premises of a distributor of vehicles, dealer in vehicles or purchaser thereof or to premises of a person obtaining possession thereof under a hiring agreement or hire purchase agreement);

(ii) a vehicle belonging, or which has belonged, to the Crown which is or was used or appropriated for use for naval, military or air force purposes;

(iii) a vehicle belonging, or which has belonged, to a visiting force or a headquarters or defence organisation to which (in each case) the Visiting Forces and International Headquarters (Application of Law) Order 1965(f) applies;

(iv) a vehicle which has been used on roads outside Great Britain and which has been imported into Great Britain; and

(v) a vehicle which has been used otherwise than on roads after being sold or supplied by retail and before being registered;

the relevant date is the date of manufacture of the vehicle. In case (v) above, "sold or supplied by retail" means sold or supplied otherwise than to a person acquiring the vehicle solely for the purpose of resale or re-supply for valuable consideration. For most vehicles the date a vehicle is "first used" is the date it is first registered for use on a road which is usually soon after manufacture. Where a vehicle is not registered at that time it is necessary to determine the date of first use by means of the date of manufacture. In this way the Regulations can apply to vehicles of similar age in a similar manner.

For most vehicles the date a vehicle is "first used" is the date it is first registered for use on a road which is usually soon after manufacture. Where a vehicle is not registered at that time it is necessary to determine the date of first use by means of the date of manufacture. In this way the Regulations can apply to vehicles of similar age in a similar manner.

Where a vehicle is manufactured but cannot comply with all the relevant Schedules a Special Authorisation (see section 4) will be considered. This is particularly important for vehicles manufactured between 1st October 2000 and 31st December 2000 which do not comply with the relevant Schedules and are not registered prior to 31st December 2000.

Regulation

PART II
APPLICATION OF REGULATIONS, EXEMPTIONS AND RECOGNITION

3. -(1) These Regulations apply to public service vehicles of the types described respectively in paragraphs (2) to (7) (a "regulated public service vehicle") in the manner and to the extent set out in this Part.

(2) A single-deck bus which weighs more than 7.5 tonnes and is in use on or after 31st December 2000 shall require a certificate referred to in paragraph (8) relating to Schedules 1 and 2, except that a single-deck bus which -

(a) is first used before that date; or

(b) is manufactured before 1st October 2000, shall not require any certificate relating to Schedules 1 and 2 until 1st January 2016.

(3) A single-deck bus which weighs 7.5 tonnes or less and is in use on or after 31st December 2000 shall require a certificate referred to in paragraph (8) relating to Schedule 2, except that a single-deck bus which -

(c) is first used before that date; or

(d) is manufactured before 1st October 2000,

shall not require a certificate relating to Schedule 2 until 1st January 2015.

(4) Without prejudice to paragraph (3), a single-deck bus which weighs 7.5 tonnes or less and is in use on or after 1st January 2005 shall require a certificate referred to in paragraph (8) relating to Schedule 1, except that a single-deck bus which -

(e) is first used before that date ; or

(f) is manufactured before 1st October 2004,

shall not require a certificate relating to Schedule 1 until 1st January 2015.

(5) A double-deck bus which is in use on or after 31st December 2000 shall require a certificate referred to in paragraph (8) relating to Schedules 1 and 2, except that a double-deck bus which -

(g) is first used before that date; or

(h) is manufactured before 1st October 2000,

shall not require any certificate relating to Schedules 1 and 2 until 1st January 2017.

(6) A single-deck or double-deck coach which is in use on or after 31st December 2000 shall require a certificate referred to in paragraph (8) relating to Schedule 3, except that a single-deck or double-deck coach which -

(i) is first used before that date; or

(j) is manufactured before 1st October 2000,

shall not require a certificate relating to Schedule 3 until 1st January 2020.

(7) Without prejudice to paragraph (6), a single-deck or double-deck coach which is in use on or after 1st January 2005 shall require a certificate referred to in paragraph (8) relating to Schedule 1, except that a single-deck or double-deck coach which -

(k) is first used before that date; or

(l) is manufactured before 1st October 2004,

shall not require a certificate relating to Schedule 1 until 1st January 2020.

Application of Regulation 3(2) to(7)

Buses and Coaches exceeding 22 passengers used to provide a local or scheduled service

Vehicle Type

Schedule(s)

New Vehicles

All Vehicles (any age)

Single-deck buses weighing more than 7.5 tonnes

1 and 2

First used on or after 31st December 2000 (does not apply if manufactured before 1st October 2000)

In use on or after 1st January 2016

Single-deck buses weighing 7.5 tonnes or less

2

First used on or after 31st December 2000 but before 1st January 2005 (does not apply if manufactured before 1st October 2000)

In use on or after 1st January 2015 must comply with Schedules 1 and 2

1 and 2

First used on or after 1st January 2005 (does not apply to Schedule 1if manufactured before 1st October 2004)

Double-deck buses

1 and 2

First used on or after 31st December 2000 (does not apply if manufactured before 1st October 2000)

In use on or after 1st January 2017

Single-deck and double-deck coaches

3

First used on or after 31st December 2000 but before 1st January 2005 (does not apply if manufactured before 1st October 2000)

In use on or after 1st January 2020 must comply with Schedules 1 and 3

1 and 3

First used on or after 1st January 2005 (does not apply to Schedule 1if manufactured before 1st October 2004)

Schedule 1

Regulation 3

SCHEDULE 1
PART I
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

Definitions

Definitions

1. In this Schedule -

"the 1976 Directive" means Council Directive 76/115/EEC (as amended) of 18 December 1975 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to anchorages for motor vehicle safety belts(a);

"the 1977 Directive" means Council Directive 77/541/EEC (as amended) of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to safety belts and restraint systems of motor vehicles(b);

"boarding lift" means a lift fitted to a regulated public service vehicle for the purpose of allowing wheelchair users to board and alight from the vehicle;

"boarding ramp" means a ramp fitted to a regulated public service vehicle for the purpose of allowing wheelchair users to board and alight from the vehicle;

"contrast" means a contrast in the amount of light which is reflected by the surfaces of the parts of a regulated public service vehicle or its equipment which is required by these Regulations to contrast;

"dynamic test" means a test which complies with the requirements of paragraph 3(7);

"exit" means an exit from a regulated public service vehicle but does not include an exit which is provided for use only in case of an emergency;

"gangway" means the space provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats or from any such seat to an exit other than an emergency exit, but does not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat or row of seats which is required only for the use of, passengers occupying the seat or row of seats;

"g" means 9.81 m/s²; "kg" means kilogram(s);

"km/h" means kilometre(s) per hour;

"mm" means millimetre(s);

"m/s" means metre(s) per second and "m/s²" means metre(s) per second per second;

"N" means newton(s);

"optical device" means any system (including a mirror, closed circuit television and optical cable) which provides the driver of a regulated public service vehicle with a view of an area of the vehicle;

"portable ramp" means a ramp which is carried on a regulated public service vehicle for the purpose of allowing wheelchair users to board and alight from the vehicle;

"reference wheelchair" means an occupied wheelchair having the dimensions shown in diagram A of Part II to this Schedule;

"seat" means a seat intended for use by passengers and, accordingly, does not include the driver's seat or any other seat intended for use solely by a crew member;

"static test" means a test which complies with the requirements of paragraph 3(5) and which applies the forces specified in paragraph 3(6);

"wheelchair restraint system" means a system which is designed to keep a wheelchair restrained within the wheelchair space;

"wheelchair user" means a disabled person using a wheelchair; and

"wheelchair user restraint" means a system which is designed to keep a wheelchair user restrained in the wheelchair.

Wheelchair spaces

Wheelchair spaces 2.-(1) A regulated public service vehicle shall be fitted with not less than one wheelchair space.

Design need

Only one wheelchair space is required because of the need to strike a balance between the requirements of wheelchair users and those of other passengers. The majority of buses will have a wheelchair space towards the front of the vehicle. This will cause the priority seats to be placed further back. Consequently disabled passengers will have to walk past the open area of the wheelchair space to get to them.

Best practice

Additional wheelchair spaces should not be provided unless there is a local need or if the location of the wheelchair space is such that priority seats are not moved further from the priority entrance. Similarly, any other area, such as those for passengers with buggies or luggage etc, should not be provided in a position where they may also cause the priority seats to placed further back.

Regulation

(2) Any wheelchair space shall be fitted to the lower deck of a double-deck bus or double-deck coach.

(3) Any wheelchair space on a regulated public service vehicle -

(a) shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 3; or

(b) where the vehicle is adapted to carry standing passengers and is not fitted with any seat belts for passengers which are required to be fitted by regulation, may comply with the requirements of paragraph 4 as an alternative to the requirements of paragraph 3.

Design need

The safety requirements for passenger vehicles are based on their intended use. Those that are required to have seat belts are generally used for longer and perhaps higher speed journeys than those designed to carry passengers (including standing passengers) for shorter journeys. The safety provisions for wheelchair users are based on these principles.

Application

A vehicle may comply with paragraph 4, if it is authorised to carry standing passengers in accordance with the Public Service Vehicles (Carrying Capacity) Regulations 1984 and, at the time it is approved to this Schedule, there is no legislative requirement for seat belts to be fitted to any passenger seating positions when in use as a regulated public service vehicle.

Where a vehicle is permitted to comply with paragraph 4 but is constructed to provide a forward facing wheelchair space, that space must comply with paragraph 3. A wheelchair space may be constructed to carry both forward and rearward facing wheelchairs, in which case it must comply with both paragraphs 3 and 4.

Forward-facing wheelchairs

Regulation

Forward-facing wheelchairs 3.-(1) Any wheelchair space fitted to a regulated public service vehicle shall comply with the following requirements -

(a) a wheelchair space shall not be less than -

(i) 1300mm measured in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle;

(ii) 750mm measured in the transverse plane of the vehicle; and

(iii) 1500mm measured vertically from any part of the floor of the wheelchair space.

Design need

This is to ensure that there is space both for restraint systems and to accommodate a wheelchair user in a reference wheelchair. (see Schedule 1, Part II, diagram A)

Application

Where the wheelchair space is also to be used by seated or standing passengers the height of the space will need to be increased to comply with existing regulations. The dimensions above are the minimum necessary to accommodate a wheelchair. Additional space may be required for access to the wheelchair space. The requirements for wheelchair access to the wheelchair space are given in paragraph 7.

Regulation

(b) a wheelchair space shall allow the carriage of a wheelchair and a wheelchair user facing the front of the vehicle;

(c) a wheelchair space shall be fitted with a wheelchair restraint system suitable for general wheelchair application;

Design need

For the safety of a wheelchair user and other passengers it is essential that a wheelchair restraint system is fitted where the wheelchair user is forward facing.

Application

The restraint should be of a type that may be attached to a wide range of wheelchair designs. Wheelchairs may be any manual or powered wheelchair that would fit within the dimensions of a reference wheelchair but do not include scooters.

Best practice

Selection of a suitable wheelchair restraint system is most important as it must be simple and quick to use and be applicable to the widest variety of wheelchair designs. A four point system comprising webbing straps is one such system.

Regulation

(d) a wheelchair space shall be fitted with a wheelchair user restraint system which shall comprise a minimum of two anchorage points and a pelvic restraint (lap belt) designed and constructed of components intended to perform in a similar manner to those of a seat belt conforming to the 1977 Directive;

Design need

Where seat belts are required for other passengers, a forward facing wheelchair space is required. It follows that a wheelchair user should be provided with a similar restraint.

Application

A wheelchair user restraint may not be able to comply with all the requirements applicable to seat belts. It is however important that the components used are of a similar robust design to those used for seat belts. Best practice A three point, lap and diagonal or full harness belt, should be provided wherever possible.

Regulation

(e) any wheelchair user restraint or wheelchair restraint system fitted to a wheelchair space shall be capable of being easily released in the case of an emergency;

(f) any wheelchair restraint system shall either -

(i) meet the dynamic test requirements described in sub-paragraph (7) and be securely attached to vehicle anchorages meeting the static test requirements in sub-paragraph (5); or

(ii) be securely attached to vehicle anchorages such that the combination of restraint and anchorages meets the requirements of sub-paragraph (7) when the anchorages comply with sub-paragraph (7)(d)(ii); and

Application

The wheelchair restraint system must be tested dynamically either with or without the anchorages (representative of those fitted in the vehicle). Where the dynamic test does not include the anchorages a separate (static) anchorage test must be conducted. The Vehicle Inspectorate may not need to witness the test but will require documentary evidence to demonstrate compliance.

Regulation

(g) any wheelchair user restraint shall either -

(i) meet the test requirements described in sub-paragraph (8) and be securely attached to vehicle anchorages meeting the static test requirements in sub-paragraph (5); or

(ii) be securely attached to vehicle anchorages such that the combination of restraint and anchorages meets the test requirements described in sub-paragraph (8) when fitted to a representative section of the vehicle structure as described in sub-paragraph (5)(g).

Application

The wheelchair user restraint must be tested dynamically either with or without the anchorages (representative of those fitted in the vehicle). Where the dynamic test does not include the anchorages a separate (static) anchorage test must be conducted. The location of wheelchair user restraint anchorages should as far as practicable conform to the anchorage locations prescribed in the 1976 Directive. A representative wheelchair should be assumed to be placed centrally within the wheelchair space and account should be taken of a wheelchair seat-back angle of approximately 8 degrees. Sufficient webbing should be provided to encompass a wide range of wheelchairs. The Vehicle Inspectorate may not need to witness the test but will require documentary evidence to demonstrate compliance and to ensure that the most demanding aspects of the installation have been covered.

Draft Standard ISO/FDIS 10542 may be used for further guidance.

Regulation

(2) One or more seats which are capable of being tipped, folded or otherwise moved may lie within the volume specified in sub-paragraph (1)(a) or within the gangway specified in paragraph 7 provided that the seat is capable of being easily moved out of the volume or out of the gangway. In the case of a single-deck or double-deck coach, this may include a seat which may be quickly dismantled or removed provided that the seat can be safely stowed.

Design need

This ensures that the wheelchair space can be used to provide additional seating for other passengers when it is not being used by a wheelchair user.

Application

The fitting of one or more tipping or folding seats is permitted provided that, when not in use, they do not impinge on the wheelchair space. Such seats must not be designated as priority seats.

Regulation

(3) The clear space in front of any seat may lie within the volume specified in sub-paragraph (1)(a) or within the gangway specified in paragraph 7.

Design need

This ensures that the wheelchair space and the access to that space can be used to provide space for the feet of seated passengers when not required for a wheelchair user.

Application

These seats must not be designated as priority seats.

Best practice

Seats that are fixed but for which the foot space lies within the wheelchair space should, if possible, be avoided. Although not designated as a priority seat, this type of seat can often seem the ideal seat to many disabled people. They may have easy access but will often be forward facing with nothing but wheelchair space in front of them and nothing to hold on to. Many disabled people have difficulty getting in and out of a seat and would not be able to use a seat that they may have to vacate for a wheelchair user.

Regulation

(4) There shall be a sign on or near a seat specified in sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) stating the following "Please give up this seat for a wheelchair user" or stating words of equivalent meaning.

Design need

All passengers need to be informed that the space is primarily for a wheelchair user. The identification of such seats and priority use for wheelchair users needs to be clear to passengers using them.

Application

Although the size and wording of the sign is not prescribed it should clearly state that passengers should give up the seat to enable a wheelchair user to gain access to, or use, the wheelchair space.

Example image

Example of a suitable sign

Regulation

(5) A static test shall be carried out on the anchorage points for both the wheelchair restraint system and the wheelchair user restraint in accordance with the following requirements:

(a) the forces specified in sub-paragraph (6) shall be applied by means of a device reproducing the geometry of the wheelchair restraint system;

(b) the forces specified in sub-paragraph (6) shall be applied by means of a device reproducing the geometry of the wheelchair user restraint and by means of a traction device specified in paragraph 5.3.4 of Annex I of the 1976 Directive;

Application

The direction of the forces applied to the anchorages must be representative of those applied when the wheelchair restraint system is attached to a representative wheelchair and when the wheelchair user restraint is worn. A harness or 'S' type (special) seat belt approved to the 1977 Directive will require anchorages appropriate to that type of belt in accordance with the 1976 Directive.

Regulation

(c) the forces in (a) and (b) above shall be applied simultaneously in the forward direction and at an angle of 10°±5° above the horizontal plane;

(d) the forces in (a) above shall be applied in the rearward direction and at an angle of 10°±5° above the horizontal plane;

(e) the forces shall be applied as rapidly as possible through the central vertical axis of the wheelchair space;

(f) the force shall be maintained for a period of not less than 0.2 seconds; and

(g) the test shall be carried out on a representative section of the vehicle structure together with any fitting provided in the vehicle which is likely to contribute to the strength or rigidity of the structure.

Application

This test does not apply if the dynamic test method is used to test the restraints and their anchorages. It is anticipated that a similar structure may be used for a number of vehicles and therefore the manufacturer and the Vehicle Inspectorate should agree the means by which this information is recorded and made available to a Vehicle Examiner when inspecting an identical installation.

Regulation

(6) The forces referred to in sub-paragraph (5) are -

(a) in the case of anchorages provided for a wheelchair restraint system fitted to a Category M2 vehicle -

(i) 11100N applied in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200mm and not more than 300mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, and

(ii) 5500N applied in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and towards the rear of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200mm and not more than 300mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;

(b) in the case of anchorages provided for a wheelchair restraint system fitted to a Category M3 vehicle -

(i) 7400N applied in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200mm and not more than 300mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, and

(ii) 3700N applied in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and towards the rear of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200mm and not more than 300mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;

(c) in the case of anchorages provided for a wheelchair user restraint system, the forces shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 5.4 of Annex I of the 1976 Directive;

References to M2 and M3 vehicles are references to vehicles of those categories as defined in Annex II(A) to the 1970 Directive.

(7) A wheelchair restraint system shall be subject to a dynamic test carried out in accordance with the following requirements;

(a) a representative wheelchair test trolley of mass 85kg shall, from a speed of between 48km/h to 50km/h to rest, be subject to a deceleration-time pulse in the forward direction which -

(i) exceeds 20g for a cumulative period of at least 0.015 seconds;

(ii) exceeds 15g for a cumulative period of at least 0.04 seconds;

(iii) is for an overall duration of at least 0.075 seconds and not more than 0.12 seconds;

(iv) shall not, for a duration of more than 0.08 seconds, be at 28g; and

(v) shall not exceed 28g;

(b) except as provided in (c) below, a representative wheelchair test trolley of mass 85kg shall, from a speed of between 48km/h to 50km/h to rest, be subject to a deceleration-time pulse in the rearward direction which-

(i) exceeds 5g for a cumulative period of at least 0.015 seconds;

(ii) shall not, for a duration of more than 0.02 seconds, be at 8g; and

(iii) shall not exceed 8g.

(c) the test in (b) above shall not apply if the same restraints and direction of loading are used for the forward and rearward direction or if an equivalent test has been conducted;

(d) for the above tests the wheelchair restraint system shall be attached to either -

(i) anchorages fixed to the test rig which represents the geometry of the anchorages in a vehicle for which the restraint system is intended, or

(ii) anchorages forming part of a representative section of the vehicle for which the restraint system is intended, set up as described in sub-paragraph (5)(g).

Application

It is essential that the wheelchair restraint system is tested in a similar configuration to that of the vehicle in which it is to be fitted and when attached to a representative wheelchair. The manufacturer shall provide the Vehicle Inspectorate with a statement of compliance, supported by appropriate evidence of testing at a recognised test facility. This may be provided by the wheelchair restraint system manufacturer or the vehicle manufacturer and must state whether the vehicle anchorages form part of the test.

Regulation

(8) A wheelchair occupant restraint shall comply with the test requirements specified in paragraph 2.7.8.4 of Annex I of the 1977 Directive or an equivalent test to the deceleration-time pulse in paragraph (7)(a). A seat belt which has been type approved in accordance with the 1977 Directive, and so marked, shall be deemed to comply.

Application

This provides three options for the wheelchair user restraint: to test to the requirements of the 1977 Directive; to the same test as that for the wheelchair restraint system; or to fit seat belts type approved to the 1977 Directive. Harness belts may be approved to the 1977 Directive as 'S' type (special) seat belts. Seat belts of an equivalent standard such as ECE regulation 16 or similar standard are also acceptable.

Regulation

(9) A test in sub-paragraphs (5), (7) or (8) shall fail unless the following requirements are met:

(a) no part of the system shall have failed, or shall have become detached from its anchorage or from the vehicle during the test;

(b) mechanisms to release the wheelchair and user shall be capable of release after completion of the test;

(c) in the case of the test specified in sub-paragraph (7), the wheelchair shall not move more than 200mm in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle during the test;

(d) no part of the system shall be deformed to such an extent after completion of the test that, because of sharp edges or other protrusions, the part is capable of causing injury.

Rearward-facing wheelchairs

Rearward-facing wheelchairs 4.-(1) Any wheelchair space fitted to a regulated public service vehicle shall comply with the following requirements -

(a) a wheelchair space shall not be less than -

(i) 1300mm measured in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle;

(ii) 750mm measured in the transverse plane of the vehicle; and

(iii) 1500mm measured vertically from any part of the floor of the wheelchair space;

Design need

This is to ensure that there is space for both a supporting backrest and to accommodate a wheelchair user in a reference wheelchair. (see Part II, diagram A)

Application

Where the wheelchair space is also to be used by seated or standing passengers the height of the space will need to be increased to comply with existing regulations. The requirements for wheelchair access to the wheelchair space are given in paragraph 7.

Regulation

(b) a wheelchair space shall allow the carriage of a wheelchair and a wheelchair user seated in the wheelchair and facing the rear of the vehicle;

(c) a wheelchair space shall be fitted with a backrest which shall -

(i) be fitted to the front end of the wheelchair space;

(ii) be positioned centrally with respect to the front end of the wheelchair space, and

(iii) be fitted with a padded surface facing the rear of the vehicle; and

Design need

A backrest provides the necessary support for the back of a wheelchair and wheelchair user to prevent a wheelchair from tipping backwards while the vehicle is in motion.

Regulation

(d) a wheelchair space shall be fitted with a horizontal handrail which shall -

(i) be fitted along not less than one of the longitudinal sides of the wheelchair space,

(ii) be at a height of not less than 850mm and not more than 1000mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;

(iii) run continuously from a point not more than 300mm to the rear of the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally to a point not less than 1000mm to the rear of the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally;

(iv) not extend into the wheelchair space by more than 90mm measured horizontally from the edge of the wheelchair space;

(v) be capable of being easily and firmly gripped by a wheelchair user;

(vi) have a circular cross section with a diameter of not less than 30mm and not more than 35mm;

(vii) have clear space of not less than 45mm between any part of the vehicle and all parts of a handrail other than its mountings;

(viii) have a slip-resistant surface; and

See diagram page 37

Design need

It is essential that a wheelchair user be provided with a handrail to hold so as to steady themself during travel.

Application

Any surface finish used should be slip resistant, even when wet.

Best practice

Most surfaces that have a degree of gloss or shine are likely to be slippery and should not be used.

Regulation

(ix) contrast with the parts of the vehicle adjacent to the handrail.

Application

The parts that must contrast are those that may be seen as the background to the handrail which in this case is likely to be the sidewall of the vehicle. Appendix B provides guidance on contrast.

Regulation

(2) Any backrest fitted to a wheelchair space in accordance with sub-paragraph (1)(c) shall comply with the following requirements -

(a) the bottom edge of a backrest shall be at a height of not less than 350mm and not more than 480mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;

(b) the top edge of a backrest shall be at a height of not less than 1300mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;

(c) a backrest shall have a width of -

(i) not less than 270mm and not more than 420mm up to a height of 830mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, and

(ii) not less than 270mm and not more than 300mm at heights exceeding 830mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;

(d) a backrest shall be fitted at an angle of not less than 4° and not more than 8° to the vertical with the bottom edge of the backrest positioned closer to the rear of the vehicle than the top edge;

(e) the padded surface of a backrest shall form a single and continuous plane;

(f) the padded surface of a backrest shall pass through any point on an imaginary vertical plane situated to the rear of the front end of the wheelchair space and situated not less than 100mm and not more than 120mm from the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally and not less than 830mm and not more, than 870mm from the floor of the wheelchair space measured vertically; and

(g) a backrest shall be capable of bearing a load of 2000N applied for a minimum of 2 seconds by means of a block 200mm x 200mm square in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle towards the front of the vehicle to the centre of the padded surface of the backrest at a height of not less than 600mm and not more than 800mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space. The backrest shall not deflect more than 100mm or suffer permanent deformation or damage.

Diagram - Wheelchair space (buses)
(Schedule 1 paragraph 4)

Design need

The shape of the backrest provides the necessary support for a wheelchair user. At the top it allows the handles of a wheelchair to pass either side of the backrest. At the bottom it may be wide enough to incorporate a seat whilst allowing the wheels of a wheelchair to pass either side. The design should be compatible with the majority of wheelchairs in use.

Application

If a seat is incorporated in the lower part of the backrest it must, when folded out of use, form a continuous plane with the remainder of the padded surface of the backrest. The strength of the backrest may be tested on a representative section of vehicle. It is anticipated that a manufacturer will use a similar design and means of attachment to the vehicle structure for a number of vehicles. The Vehicle Inspectorate will accept a declaration of compliance by the manufacturer supported by a test report or calculations, but may wish to witness the test.

Best practice

The backrest should contrast with its surroundings for wheelchair users who may also have low vision.

Regulation

(3) In the lateral plane of the wheelchair space, a clear space of not less than 750mm shall be maintained and, in order to restrict the lateral movement of a reference wheelchair, there shall be a distance not greater than 900mm (measured in the lateral plane of the wheelchair space) between any two of the following adjacent means of support fitted on each side of the wheelchair space-

(a) a vertical stanchion situated to the rear of the front end of the wheelchair space and running continuously from the floor of the wheelchair space to a height of not less than 1500mm, which shall comply with the following requirements -

(i) the base of the stanchion shall be not less than 400mm and not more than 560mm from the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally, and

(ii) at heights exceeding 775mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, the stanchion shall be not less than 540mm and not more than 560mm from the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally; or

(b) a retractable rail extending continuously from a point not more than 200mm from the front end of the wheelchair space to a point not less than 540mm from the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally and at a height of not less than 600mm and not more than 800mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space; or

(c) a partition extending continuously from a point not more than 200mm from the front end of the wheelchair space to a point not less than 540mm from the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally and at a height of not less than 600mm and not more than 800mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space; or

(d) the side wall, or equipment fitted to the side wall, of the vehicle extending continuously from a point not more than 200mm from the front end of the wheelchair space to a point not less than 540mm from the front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally and at a height of not less than 600mm and not more than 800mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space.

See diagram page 37

Design need

A means of restricting the sideways movement of a wheelchair is essential to limit the possibility of the wheelchair swinging sideways during vehicle manoeuvres.

Application

The sidewall of the vehicle or equipment fitted to it such as seats in their folded position will often provide one of the means of support. Where a retractable rail (e.g. an arm that swings down alongside the wheelchair) is fitted, it must be easy to operate by the driver (or crew member). The width of the space must be measured between the means of support or the projection of those means of support where they are not directly opposite each other. A small gap is permissible, for example between individual cushions of two or more folded seats.

Best Practice

A fixed device such as a vertical stanchion, partition, or sidewall of the vehicle will usually be the most suitable means of restricting the lateral movement of a wheelchair. A retractable rail may be suitable if it can be readily operated by the driver (or conductor) in order to minimise delays on boarding and alighting. It should not be a device that requires the physical effort of a wheelchair user to operate. It is also important that the design of a retractable rail is shown to be effective in restricting lateral movement of the wheelchair and that there is some means to warn the driver should it not be in place when the vehicle is driven.

Regulation

(4) Any stanchion, retractable rail, partition, or side wall (in this sub-paragraph referred to as "the device") fitted to a regulated public service vehicle in accordance with sub-paragraph (3) shall be capable of bearing a load of 1000N applied for a minimum of 2 seconds by means of a block 200mm x 200mm in the transverse plane of the wheelchair space and applied to the centre of the device at a height of not less than 600mm and not more than 800mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space. The device should not deflect more than 50mm or suffer permanent deformation or damage

Design need

Any means of lateral support must be capable of withstanding the loads that can be expected during normal travel with a margin of safety.

Application

The device may be tested using a representative section of vehicle. It is anticipated that a manufacturer will use a similar design and means of attachment to the vehicle structure for a number of vehicles. The Vehicle Inspectorate will accept a declaration of compliance by the manufacturer supported by a test report or calculations, but may wish to witness the test.

Regulation

(5) One or more seats which are capable of being tipped, folded or otherwise moved may lie within the volume specified in sub-paragraph (1)(a) or within the gangway specified in paragraph 7 provided that the seat is capable of being easily moved out of the volume or out of the gangway.

Design need

This ensures that the wheelchair space can be used to provide additional seating for other passengers when it is not being used by a wheelchair user.

Application

A seat does not have to move out of the way automatically but it must be possible to move the seat easily. It should take no more than one simple movement using one hand with the minimum of effort. It should be possible for a wheelchair user with limited strength and range of movement to complete this action.

Best Practice

A seat that moves out of the way automatically will cause the least difficulty for wheelchair users some of whom may need the driver (or conductor) to assist with moving any other type of seat.

Regulation

(6) The clear space in front of any seat may lie within the volume specified in sub-paragraph (1)(a) or within the gangway specified in paragraph 7.

Design need

This ensures that the wheelchair space and the access to that space can be used to provide space for the feet of seated passengers when not required for a wheelchair user.

Application

These seats must not be designated as priority seats.

Best practice

Seats that are fixed but for which the foot space lies within the wheelchair space should, if possible, be avoided. Although not designated as a priority seat, this type of seat can often seem the ideal seat to many disabled people. They may have easy access but will often be forward facing with nothing but wheelchair space in front of them and nothing to hold on to. Many disabled people have difficulty getting in and out of a seat and would not be able to use a seat that they may have to vacate for a wheelchair user.

Regulation

(7) There shall be a sign on or near a seat specified in sub-paragraphs (5) and (6) stating the following "Please give up this seat for a wheelchair user" or stating words of equivalent meaning.

An example of a suitable sign is shown on page 30

Design need

All passengers need to be informed that the space is primarily for a wheelchair user. The identification of such seats and priority use for wheelchair users needs to be clear to passengers using them.

Application

Although the size and wording of the sign is not prescribed it should clearly state that passengers should give up the seat for a wheelchair user to gain access to, or use, the wheelchair space.

Regulation

(8) In this paragraph, the phrase "front end of a wheelchair space" means the end of a wheelchair space that is closer to the front of the regulated public service vehicle to which the wheelchair space is fitted.

Boarding lifts and ramps

Boarding lifts and ramps 5.(1) A regulated public service vehicle shall be fitted with not less than one boarding lift or one boarding ramp, or shall carry not less than one portable ramp.

Design need

A lift or a ramp is essential to bridge the horizontal or vertical gap between the kerb or ground and the floor of a vehicle so that wheelchair users are able to board and alight.

Application

A vehicle must be fitted with at least one lift or ramp or a portable ramp must be carried on the vehicle. The choice of boarding device is a matter for operators to decide taking onto account the local operating conditions, the frequency with which the device may be used and the duties of drivers to deploy such devices.

Best Practice

Fitted ramps are always available and cannot move when being used. Power operated boarding ramps minimise the work of the driver, limit delays in operation and may enable the driver to remain in his cab. The ramp or lift should have a slip resistant surface. Any boarding device should be tested and maintained on a regular basis to see that it is kept in good working order.

Regulation

(2) Any boarding lift or boarding ramp fitted in accordance with sub-paragraph (1) shall

(a) have a safe working load of not less than 300kg;

(b) when subject to a uniformly distributed mass equal to 125 per cent of the safe working load for a period of not less than 10 seconds, not suffer any permanent deformation or damage when the load is removed;

(c) have its maximum safe working load marked in a position which is clearly visible to the operator of the lift or ramp; and

(d) not allow the vehicle in the normal course to be driven away unless the lift or ramp is at its normal position of vehicle travel.

Design need

Wheelchairs vary in weight depending on their design, but 300 kilograms will accommodate the vast majority of wheelchairs that are within the dimensions of the reference wheelchair. It is also important that the ramp or lift is properly stowed so that it does not present a hazard to pedestrians or other road users when a vehicle is in motion.

Application

It must not be possible for a vehicle to be driven with a lift or ramp in any position which is likely to be a hazard to pedestrians or other road users. In this context a vehicle that can move slowly (e.g. if fitted with an accelerator interlock) but is unable to travel under its own power in the normal way will be considered to comply with this requirement. For the test in (b) above, the Vehicle Inspectorate will accept a declaration of compliance by a manufacturer supported by a test report or calculations. The requirements in (d) above do not apply to a portable ramp which is not fitted to the vehicle and would not present a hazard to pedestrians or other road users should the vehicle be driven away with the ramp deployed.

Regulation

(3) Any boarding ramp fitted to a regulated public service vehicle shall (subject to (d) below) comply with the following requirements

(a) a boarding ramp shall have a surface of not less than 800mm in width;

Application

This dimension should be the flat surface area of the ramp. Ideally, the ramp should be a similar width to the doorway in which it is used.

Regulation

(b) no part of the surface in sub-paragraph (3)(a), and no part of the vehicle, shall present an obstruction greater than 15mm in height measured along a plane parallel to, and above, the surface of the ramp, and in the direction of travel of a reference wheelchair when moved into or from the vehicle;

(c) with the vehicle on a flat surface, in the normal condition for a wheelchair user to board or alight, and with the boarding ramp extended and sitting on a kerb of 125mm in height measured vertically from and parallel to the ground, the surface of a boarding ramp shall have a slope measured over the surface referred to in sub-paragraph (3)(a) of not more than 7° measured relative to the ground;

(d) notwithstanding (c) above, a boarding ramp may have

(i) at the intersection of the surface of the kerb and the surface of the ramp described above, a slope not exceeding 15° relative to the ground over a distance of not more than 150mm (measured along the surface of the ramp and parallel to the direction of travel of a reference wheelchair when it is moved from the kerb and onto the ramp surface); and

(ii) at any other point a slope not exceeding 15° relative to the ground over a distance of not more than 150mm (measured along the surface of the ramp and parallel to the direction of travel of a reference wheelchair when it is moved into the vehicle) and rising to a height of not more than 15mm (measured above and parallel to the surface of the ramp or its sections);

(e) with the vehicle on a flat surface and in the normal condition for a wheelchair user to board or alight, the boarding ramp shall be capable of being extended to and of sitting on that surface and in this position the surface of a boarding ramp shall have a slope of not more than 20° measured over the surface referred to in sub-paragraph (3)(a);

See diagram page 45

Diagram - Ramp
Ramp slope
(Schedule 1, paragraph 5(3))

Design need

A ramp must be free from any significant obstruction and have a gradient that gives a wheelchair user the potential to board and alight from a kerb unaided depending on their ability and the height of the kerb.

Application

The requirements of sub-paragraphs (b) to (e) above do not apply to a ramp until 1st January 2003. It is recognised that many ramps cannot meet the gradient requirements above at the time the Regulations first come into effect. Time has, therefore, been given for manufacturers to develop suitable solutions. The manufacturer will be required to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Vehicle Inspectorate that ramp angle requirements are met.

Best Practice

Manufacturers should endeavour to meet, or come close to meeting, as many of these requirements as soon as they possibly can. Operators should work closely with local authorities so that kerb heights at bus stops may be adjusted to minimise the ramp slope for wheelchair users. The height of a kerb should not be less than 125mm.

Regulation

(f) a boarding ramp shall be free of sharp edges or other protrusions capable of causing injury; and

(g) around and abutting each of the edges of a boarding ramp there shall be a band of colour of not less than 50mm in width which shall contrast with the remainder of the ramp surface.

Design need

This will help people with low vision to identify the edges of the ramp surface. It is also useful to draw attention to the ramp as a potential hazard for all passengers and pedestrians.

Best Practice

There are a variety of colours that can be used effectively for this strip. The colour should be considered carefully in relation to the colour of any step nosings required by Schedule 2 or 3 so that potential trip hazards are marked consistently. Further information on the use of colour and contrast is provided in Appendix B.

Regulation

(4) Any boarding lift fitted to a regulated public service vehicle shall comply with the following requirements

(a) a boarding lift platform shall be not less than 750mm in width and not less than 1200mm in length (excluding the device specified in (b) below);

Design need

This ensures that the lift platform is large enough to accommodate the reference wheelchair.

Regulation

(b) unless a boarding lift platform is in the lowered position and resting on a surface from which a wheelchair user will board, the following shall apply:

(i) along any side of the lift platform from which a wheelchair user will move on to, or move from, the lift platform, a device of a height not less than 100mm measured vertically above the surface of the lift platform shall operate automatically as the lift is raised above lowered position, except that when in the raised position for a wheelchair user to move from the lift platform to the floor of the vehicle, the device shall permit unobstructed access to the floor of the vehicle;

(ii) along any other side, there shall be a device or structure of a height not less than 25mm measured vertically above the surface of the lift platform; and

(iii) part of the vehicle structure may fulfil the requirements in (i) or (ii) above throughout the operating range of the lift provided that any gaps in the structure are unlikely to cause injury while the lift is in motion;

Design need

It is essential for the safety of a wheelchair user that a wheelchair cannot roll off the lift platform in the raised position.

Application

Where the bodywork is considered as a means of preventing the wheelchair from rolling off it is essential that there are no gaps in the structure that could form a trapping hazard. A bridging plate may be used to avoid such hazards.

Regulation

(c) the vertical operating speed of a boarding lift platform shall not exceed 0.15m/s;

Design need

Many people will feel vulnerable whilst travelling on a platform lift and their fear increases with speed. In addition, accidents are more likely to occur if the lift travels faster than 150mm per second.

Application

Manufacturers should ensure that the lift travels at a steady speed, and that there is no jerking movement or sudden stopping.

Regulation

(d) with the vehicle on a flat surface and in the normal condition for a wheelchair user to board or alight, the lift shall be capable of being lowered to and of sitting on that surface;

(e) where the vertical travel of the lift platform exceeds 500mm, at least one side of the lift platform shall be fitted with a handrail where

(i) in the case of a handrail fitted to the lift platform, a secure horizontal handrail shall be provided at a height of not less than 650mm or more than 1100mm measured vertically from the surface of the lift platform; or

(ii) in the case of a handrail that does not move with the lift platform, a vertical handrail shall provide a grasping point at the same heights above the lift platform throughout the range of the vertical travel; and

(f) around and abutting each of the edges of a boarding lift there shall be a band of colour of not less than 50mm in width which shall contrast with the remainder of the lift surface.

Design need

This will help people with low vision to identify the edges of the lift surface. It is also useful to draw attention to the lift as a potential hazard for all passengers and pedestrians. A handrail will provide stability for anyone standing on the lift platform while it is in motion.

Best Practice

The strip of contrasting colour should be between 50 and 100mm deep. There are a variety of colours that can be used effectively for this strip. The colour should be considered carefully in relation to the colour of any step nosings required by Schedule 2 or 3 so potential trip hazards are marked consistently. Further information on the use of colour and contrast is provided in Appendix B. A handrail should be provided on both sides of a lift.

Regulation

(5) Any power-operated boarding lift or power-operated boarding ramp fitted to a regulated public service vehicle shall (subject to sub-paragraphs (6) to (9)) -

(a) be capable of operation

(i) by means of a control situated in the drivers cab, or

(ii) by means of a control situated adjacent to the lift or ramp which shall only be capable of operation by means of a master control situated in the drivers cab;

Best Practice

The master control should have some means of warning the driver when the control for activating the lift or ramp is switched on (such as a warning lamp). Ideally the master switch should return automatically to the 'off' position when the lift or ramp is returned to its stowed position or once the vehicle is in motion.

Regulation

(b) produce an audible signal when in operation;

Design need

Audible signals are essential for people who have low vision. An audible signal played in close proximity to a boarding device will assist disabled people in avoiding the area where the boarding device is operating.

Application

The signal must not be strident but should be clearly audible to anyone within approximately 2 metres of the lift or ramp. The signal must be given when the lift is in motion, or the ramp is being deployed and retracted. A two-tone signal is not permitted and it must be clearly distinguishable from those used for pedestrian crossings. (Regulations 37 and 99 of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 as amended by SI 2000 No. 1971 apply.)

Regulation

(c) be capable of being manually operated, or where the vehicle is fitted with more than one lift or ramp, not less than one lift or ramp capable of being manually operated shall be accessible to each wheelchair user;

Design need

This ensures that in the event of power failure a lift or ramp can be manually operated by the driver so that a wheelchair user can alight from the vehicle safely and with dignity.

Application

Power operated boarding devices must be designed to allow manual operation in the event of power failure. It must be possible for a reference wheelchair to move from each wheelchair space to at least one lift or ramp that can be manually operated. Any separate device that is needed to operate a lift or ramp manually must be carried on the vehicle. This does not apply if a portable ramp is provided in accordance with sub-paragraph (7) below.

Regulation

(d) not be capable of operation when the vehicle is in motion;

Design need

Serious accidents are likely to occur if a ramp is operated whilst the vehicle is moving.

Application

A device must be fitted to ensure that a power operated boarding device cannot be deployed while the vehicle is moving. This requirement will be considered met if the controls are not active once the parking brake is released.

Regulation

(e) be fitted with a safety device which stops the movement of the ramp if the ramp is subject to a reactive force not exceeding 150N in any direction and if that motion could cause injury to a passenger; and

Design need

This is to prevent injury to any person in the path of the ramp when it is being deployed or retracted.

Application

In any direction that a ramp may move, the potential for that movement to cause injury should be assessed. For example, a small raising motion or the lowering of a lightweight ramp may not cause injury, whereas a near horizontal or folding movement may represent a greater risk. Where there is a risk of injury, or if there is any doubt, a reactive force of not more than 150N shall be applied which must stop the motion of the ramp. The manufacturer will be required to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Vehicle Inspectorate that this requirement is met.

Regulation

(f) be fitted with sensors capable of stopping the movement of the lift platform if it comes into contact with any thing or person whilst it is in motion and once stopped the lift platform must be capable of being reversed.

Design need

If the lift contacts something while in motion it could injure a person so it must stop quickly to reduce the danger.

Application

The working area of the lift should be assessed for potential hazards to passengers. Where sensors are needed they must be capable of stopping the lift before injury can occur.

Regulation

(6) Sub-paragraph (5)(f) shall not apply to a power-operated boarding lift which can only be operated by a control fitted in accordance with sub-paragraph (5)(a)(ii).

Design need

It is not always practical to protect all parts of a lift with safety devices to prevent injury. This dispenses with the need for sensors if the lift can only be operated from a position adjacent to the lift where the risk of injury can be monitored and the lift stopped.

Application

To ensure that the lift operator is in attendance the control for actuation of the lift must, when released, stop the movement of the lift immediately. The controls should be in a position where the risk of injury to the lift operator is minimised.

Regulation

(7) As an alternative to the requirement in sub-paragraph (5)(c), a regulated public service vehicle may carry a portable ramp.

Design need

It may not always be practical for a powered lift of ramp to be fitted with a means of manual operation. This permits a portable ramp to fulfil that function.

Application

A portable ramp used in these circumstances must comply with all requirements relating to portable ramps and must be in a position accessible to the driver or a crew member.

Regulation

(8) This sub-paragraph applies where

(a) a power-operated boarding lift is fitted to a regulated public service vehicle, and

(b) there are areas of that lift which are not visible to a person operating the lift.

(9) Where sub-paragraph (8) applies

(a) the lift shall be fitted with a stop control which is within easy reach of any user of the lift and which is operable with the palm of the hand, and

(b) where the stop control is activated, the lift, once stopped, shall be capable of being reversed.

Design need

It is important that any person on the lift should have access to a means of stopping the lift should the operator not have full view of any potential hazards.

Application

The stop control must be readily and easily operable by any part of the hand and be distinctively marked and signed to indicate its purpose.

Regulation

(10) Where a portable ramp is carried in a regulated public service vehicle the ramp shall -

(a) not easily be moved when it is in the normal position for a wheelchair user to board or alight from the vehicle and it is being so used;

Design need

The safety of wheelchair users is dependent on the ramp remaining in position during boarding or alighting.

Application

This may be achieved by overlapping surfaces with high friction contact points to minimise the risk of movement. The effectiveness of such arrangements should take into account the potential for a wheelchair user to dislodge the ramp accidentally from its intended location. A positive means of locating the ramp may be used but if the design is such that the ramp is in effect fitted to the vehicle and will remain attached to the vehicle should the vehicle be driven away with the ramp deployed, the requirements of paragraph 5(2)(d) above shall apply.

Regulation

(b) be provided with a stowage position in a position where it is readily available for use;

Design need

If the ramp is not readily available for use it will delay boarding and alighting and may cause embarrassment to the wheelchair user.

Application

The degree to which a ramp is readily available should take into account whether the ramp is the primary means of access to the vehicle or merely a backup. It should be placed near to the entrance where it will be used or in or near to the driver's cab.

Regulation

(c) be capable of being securely stowed in the stowing position so as to minimise the risk of injury to the passengers, the driver and any other crew members; and

Design need

The ramp must be stowed in a position where it is not a hazard to anyone and must be secure so that it is not dislodged with the vehicle in motion.

Application

A dedicated space should be provided for the stowage of the ramp. The ramp and its stowage should not protrude into any circulation area or other space which passengers use. Account should be taken of the potential for the ramp to be dislodged while the vehicle is in motion or in an accident.

Regulation

(d) comply with the requirements in sub-paragraphs (2)(a),(b) and (c) and (3) as if references to "boarding ramp" were references to "portable ramp".

(11) In this paragraph "master control" means a control which enables another control to activate the relevant system, but which is not itself alone capable of activating that system.

Entrances and exits

Entrances and exits 6.(1) Any entrance or exit which is intended to provide access for a wheelchair user shall have a clear unobstructed width of not less than 800mm.

Design need

There needs to be a wheelchair accessible doorway that provides access to a wheelchair space. The clear width of 800mm provides a clearance for the hands of the wheelchair user.

Application

It is essential that an unobstructed width of 800mm be provided for the wheelchair user. The width should be measured horizontally with the door or doors open.

Regulation

(2) Subject to sub-paragraph (3), where an entrance or exit which is intended to provide access for a wheelchair user is fitted with a power-operated boarding lift or a power-operated boarding ramp which is not within the direct field of vision of the driver

(a) the entrance or exit shall be fitted with an optical device; and

(b) the optical device shall enable the driver to have a clear unobstructed view of the inside and outside of the door area and of the operation of the lift or ramp.

Design need

A driver must be able to monitor the progress of a wheelchair user when using a ramp or lift so that the lift or ramp can be operated safely.

Application

This requirement may be met by a system of mirrors, CCTV or any other means provided that the driver is able to have a clear unobstructed view of the area of operation of the boarding device including when passengers are standing in permitted standing areas. It does not apply to a boarding device fitted at a front entrance where the driver has a direct view of the device.

Regulation

(3) Sub-paragraph (2) shall not apply to a power-operated boarding lift or a power-operated ramp which can only be operated by a control fitted in accordance with paragraph 5(5)(a)(ii).

Design need

This dispenses with the need for an optical device where the safety of the wheelchair user and operation of the lift or ramp can be monitored from a position adjacent to it.

Application

When a power operated lift or ramp can only be operated by a control adjacent to it, the person operating that control will have a direct view of the area around the lift or ramp in order to ensure the safety of passengers. This sub-paragraph dispenses with the requirements of sub-paragraph (2) in these circumstances.

Gangways

Regulation

Gangways 7. Any gangway between a wheelchair space and an entrance or exit intended to provide access for a wheelchair user

(a) shall allow a reference wheelchair to be moved from an entrance to the wheelchair space and from the wheelchair space to an exit, with the wheelchair user moving in a forward facing direction, and to be moved (in either direction) from the gangway into the wheelchair space in the appropriate direction for travel;

Design need

The purpose of this performance test is to ensure that a wheelchair user can get from the wheelchair access door to and from the correct travelling position. It is not enough simply to be able to manoeuvre the wheelchair into the space - although it is of course important that the dimensions are sufficient to enable that to happen. It is also vital that the wheelchair user can make the manoeuvre safely (in terms of their own safety and that of other passengers), with dignity and within a reasonable time.

Application

It is important to ensure that the performance test, as well as the dimensional requirements, properly reflect the user's needs. It must be possible for a reference wheelchair (i.e. an occupied wheelchair meeting the dimensions in Part II, diagram A) to be moved in a forward direction through the wheelchair entrance to the wheelchair space and moved forwards or backwards into the wheelchair space such that the wheelchair may be situated in the appropriate forward or rearward position for travel. It must also be possible to move the reference wheelchair to the wheelchair exit and through that exit in a forward direction. Where provision is made for the wheelchair user to travel either forward or rearward facing (i.e. the vehicle designed to comply with both paragraphs 3 and 4) it must be possible to manoeuvre the reference wheelchair into both positions. If the required boarding device cannot be manually operated, it must be possible to move the wheelchair to at least one entrance or exit with a boarding lift or ramp that can be manually operated. (See the requirements of paragraph 5(5)(c) and 5(7) above) During the performance test, on no account may any part of the reference wheelchair pass over the foot space in front of a priority seat. It is impossible to define what manoeuvring may be excessive, however, several minutes to-ing and fro-ing are unacceptable from the wheelchair user's point of view, other passengers and the operator. If the test cannot be successfully completed within a minute or so the layout and configuration of the bus should be reviewed to see whether seating or other items need to be re-positioned to reduce the difficulty for the wheelchair user.

Best Practice

Within any area on which a wheelchair user must turn there should not be any change of floor slope and ideally it should be flat. This is particularly important with a centre entrance vehicle where a slope from the door may change as it reaches the gangway creating difficulties for a wheelchair user attempting to manoeuvre within this space. In any manoeuvring space, care should be taken to ensure that seat pedestals and stanchions do not unduly inhibit the free movement of the reference wheelchair, particularly the feet of a wheelchair user. Furthermore, if the manoeuvring space encroaches on the foot space in front of a seat it can have a crucial effect on other passengers and on the time taken to complete the manoeuvre. It is also important to remember that a balance must be struck between the ease of use by a wheelchair user and the safety and comfort of ambulant disabled people for whom seating close to the door and handholds are important.

Regulation

(b) shall not be less than 750mm wide at any point along the gangway; and

Design need

A minimum width of gangway is required to permit a reference wheelchair to pass. The gangway may need to be wider in places in order to meet the test requirements specified in paragraph 7(a).

Best Practice

A wider gangway can make it easier to negotiate for a wheelchair user.

Regulation

(c) where a vehicle is fitted with more than one wheelchair space, the requirement in (a) above shall be met with any other wheelchair space occupied with a reference wheelchair.

Design need

It is essential that a wheelchair user can board and alight from a vehicle without the need to disturb any other wheelchair users.

Signs and markings

Regulation

Signs and markings 8.(1) A regulated public service vehicle shall have a sign conforming with diagram B in Part II of this Schedule, or a sign of equivalent meaning conforming to the dimensions in that diagram, which is

(a) coloured white on a blue background,

(b) of dimensions of not less than 150mm by 150mm when fitted externally or of not less than 60mm by 60mm when fitted internally, and

(c) situated -

(i) on the exterior of the vehicle and adjacent to any entrance for a wheelchair user,

(ii) on the interior of the vehicle and adjacent to any exit for a wheelchair user, and

(iii) adjacent to any wheelchair space,

and in a position clearly visible to a wheelchair user.

Design need