Chapter 3 - Emission Sources
Table of contents
- Introduction and Panel 3 objectives
- Technical Reports
- Working Papers
- Cross Cutting Report
- Emission sources affecting air quality at London Heathrow Airport
- Previous inventory source identification and strengths
- Aircraft emissions
- Introduction
- Main engine emissions
- Movement data
- Aircraft and engine types
- ICAO engine emission factors
- Use of Characteristic vs Average Values
- Variation from ICAO factors - Technical effects
- Effect of ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity)
- Primary NO2 emissions
- Future aircraft
- Variation from ICAO factors - Operational effects
- Times in mode
- Reduced thrust take-off to power cut-back
- Reduced thrust acceleration, clean-up and climb
- Final approach and landing roll
- Reverse thrust operation
- Taxi thrust settings/techniques
- APU emissions
- Brakes and tyres
- Engine testing emissions
- Airport airside emissions
- Introduction
- Airside vehicle types
- Aircraft support vehicles and plant
- Operating patterns (or duty cycle)
- Future airside vehicle fleet
- Non-Road Mobile Machinery Emissions Limits
- Management and Control Policies
- Surface access sources
- Traffic modelling
- Choice of traffic modelling approach
- Overall uncertainty estimates in traffic data
- Relative importance of traffic parameters
- Modelled base year
- Optimal year for Base Case
- Backcasting methods
- Discounting construction effects
- Road network extent
- Network density
- Explicitly modelled elements
- Minor roads
- Traffic flow - periods modelled and estimates for non-modelled hours
- Scenarios and forecast years
- Diurnal profiles
- Weekend
- Fleet and composition
- By purpose
- By vehicle type
- Specific issue - Defining heavy duty vehicle proportions
- Road traffic speeds
- Specific issue - Validating modelled speeds
- Road traffic queues
- Road vehicle emissions
- Emission source strength
- Emission legislation and derivation of representative emission factors
- Deriving vehicle emission factors
- Trends in vehicle emission model development
- Contribution of different vehicle types to road transport emissions
- Primary NO2 emissions on roads
- Accounting for other surface access sources
- Emissions associated with trip-ends
- Road vehicles - Primary PM10 emissions from non-engine sources
- Other significant sources
- Heating plant emissions
- Fuel consumption
- Fire-training ground emissions
- Panel 3 Conclusion
- Aircraft
- Main engine emissions
- Operational effects
- Other aircraft effects
- Airport support vehicles and plant
- Surface access
- Activity
- Emissions
