Syllabuses

Master (Yachts less than 500gt)
Business and Law (Master Yachts)

Duration
The course must take place over five days or 30 hours of formal instruction. Candidates may be given course notes or a self-study preparation pack in advance.

Content
The syllabus is divided into three sections:

  • Section 1 - Legal Framework
  • Section 2 - Safety Management
  • Section 3 - Contracts

Aims
The aim of this course is to enable Masters to understand:

  • Their legal obligations for safety in the context of duties in civil law and statutory obligations
  • How different legal jurisdictions apply in a vessel operating in International waters
  • Aspects of English law necessary for the correct administration of a UK-registered commercially operated yacht

Level of Understanding
The level of understanding should be that considered necessary for the safe and lawful operation of a commercially and privately operated yacht. The candidate need not display an academic grasp of the legal principles involved beyond that needed for this purpose on a practical level.

Assessment
Assessment will be by a written two hour examination of five questions. The pass mark will be 60%.

Legal Framework

1   General

a) Can distinguish acts which might be considered to be civil and criminal wrongs and give examples of each in the context of yacht operation

b) Understands, in simple terms, the role of civil and criminal law

c) Can describe in general terms the concepts of ‘negligence’, ‘duty of care’, (and specifically ‘reasonable care’) ‘non delegable responsibility’ and ‘vicarious liability’

d) Understands what is meant by summary procedure, the purpose of the statutory scale of fines and can describe some of those offences giving rise to fines in excess of the statutory maximum on summary conviction

e) Understands the structure of UK marine administration from Parliament, MCA, the role of Merchant Shipping Acts, Statutory Instruments (SIs), Merchant Shipping Notices (MSNs), Marine Guidance Notes (MGNs), Marine Information Notes (MINs) and Codes of Practice in the administration of maritime policy. Distinguishes the role of the MCA from that of the MAIB

f) Understands the Role of the Official Logbook and is able to:
    

i. explain the nature of this record as part of the public records of the United Kingdom
    

ii. state which ships must keep it
    

iii. state the rules governing the recording of information, including the practice of annexing documents / information
    

iv. state, with reference to yachts, when this record must start and when it must be transferred to the Registrar at Cardiff
    

v. understand, given the considerable detail of the information to be recorded, the need to have a copy of the Official Log Book regulations for reference when making entries
    

vi. demonstrate a working knowledge of the information to be recorded in the Official Log Book relevant to the operational management of a yacht and its’ crew
    

vii. understand the nature of the entries to be made in the narrative section of the Official Log Book

2   Arrival, departure and security

a) Circumstances giving rise to a mandatory health report, procedure to be followed before arrival, on arrival and until health clearance is obtained. The role of the International Maritime Declaration of Health

b) A general understanding of the possible consequences of carrying stowaways. Action to be taken to prevent stowaways and action to be taken upon discovery of stowaways

c) Is aware of the advice of the MCA concerning the carriage of firearms in British registered vessels. Recommended precautions in circumstances where armed robbery or piracy are a threat in the context of the Master’s duty of care

3   International Law

a) Understands the role of the base line in defining territorial waters (but not full details of how it is drawn), appreciates that interpretations of UNCLOS rules in this respect can vary in different countries

b) Understands the rights and obligations of flag state and coastal state in internal and territorial waters and on the high seas for the enforcement of international conventions (Not contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, exclusive fishing zones nor the continental shelf). Can describe what is meant by ‘freedom of the high seas’

c) The importance of the geographical position of the yacht, the nationality of the crew and of the flag of the yacht in determining criminal jurisdiction

d) Understands how international conventions can be policed, the nature of ‘innocent passage’  and when this may be denied, can describe in general terms the role of Port State Control organisations

e) Understands the general principles of the allocation of nationality to ships, the role of the UK Register in Cardiff and the use of the certificate of registry in the operation of a yacht

f) Can describe the procedure to apply for a Certificate of Registry (COR) in the UK,  the procedure if the certificate is lost and upon sale of the vessel

g) Can distinguish a United Kingdom registered ship and a British ship. Has a general understanding of the relationship between the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependent Territories with reference to the statutory regulation of British ships

Safety Management

1   Safety Certificates and Documents

a) Describes the purpose of the Load Line certificate and:

    i. which vessels are required to carry one

    ii. period of validity

    iii. timing of required surveys

    iv. general subject matter of the surveys

    v. purpose of ‘conditions of assignment’

    vi. circumstances under which the Load Line certificate is automatically cancelled

b) Describes the SOLAS certification that may be required for yachts specifically:

    i. Passenger and Safety Certificate

    ii. Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate

    iii. Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate

    iv. Safety Radio Certificate

    v. Safe Manning Document

    vi. International Safety Management (ISM) Certificate of Compliance

For all certificates; the sizes or types of yacht to which they apply, the period of validity, surveys required, issuing authority and general subject matter

c) Understands the definition of a ‘pleasure vessel’ and a vessel ‘engaged in trade’ in the context of the current regulations governing ‘vessels operated commercially for sport or pleasure’. Recognises that large non-commercial yachts are subject to minimum safety standards as class XII vessels

d) Understands that no yacht can carry more than 12 passengers without special dispensation and can define the word ‘passenger’ in this context

e) Understands the principle constraints of the MARPOL convention, specifically:

    i. that it applies to all yachts

    ii. can identify the Annexes in force, the particular pollutants covered by each of these Annexes as relevant to pleasure yacht operation

    iii. can define an Annex 1 substance

    iv. can explain the total prohibition on the discharge of Annex 1 substances into any sea area

    v. explain the circumstances in which certain discharges of Annex 1 substances may be excused

    vi. recognise that all ships must be constructed and equipped so as to prevent pollution by Annex 1 substances and that certain ships must carry certificates to prove this

    vii. identify which pleasure yachts must carry an International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate and a SOPEP

    viii. state the period of validity of the above certificate, describe the surveys required to maintain its validity and identify authorised issuing authorities;

    ix. can state the structure and function of the SOPEP

    x. state which pleasure yachts must maintain an Oil Record Book in an approved form

    xi. describe the above Oil Record Book and state in outline the information to be recorded in this book

    xii. describe an Annex V substance

    xiii. explain the rules governing the disposal of Annex V substances

    xiv.state which pleasure yachts must maintain a Garbage Record Book and have a Garbage Management Plan

    xv.explain the use of the Large Commercial Yacht Code (LY2)1 in the application of MARPOL to the operation of pleasure yachts

f) Certificate of compliance with a Commercial Code (‘Small Vessels Code’2 or LY2). Which vessels need it, issuing authority, how long valid for, surveys required

2   Statutory Safety Duties

a) Understands the meaning of a distress alert, can define ‘distress’ in the context of SOLAS and can describe the duty of the Master to respond to signals of distress, actions to be taken upon receipt of such a signal, circumstances when Master is released from his obligation to respond

b) Action to be taken after a collision, with regard to standing by the other vessel and exchanging information, responsibilities to limit pollution, records required to be kept

c) Action to be taken in the event of yacht sustaining material damage, with regard to possible consequences for statutory certificates and insurance

d) Definition of a reportable accident, major injury, serious injury and dangerous occurrence. Can describe the initial report following an accident and the required follow up reports. Describes actions required after each type of incident. Is aware of the different ways that the MAIB can respond to such reports

e) Duty to report dangers to navigation, can list the six categories and describe the action to be taken

f) Can distinguish between compulsory and non compulsory pilotage. Understands the relationship between Master, pilot and owner. Understands what should be provided to assist the pilot upon arrival at the boarding station, on the bridge and during the pilotage

3   Safety Organisation

a) Understands the role of Master, safety officer and safety representative. Can describe the role of the safety committee. Can summarise, in general terms, the duties of employer and employee under the current Merchant Shipping (Health and Safety) Regulations

b) Understands, in general terms, the role of the ISM Code. Can describe the purpose of risk assessment and how this might be applied in a yachting context

c) Describes the Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen3  and explains its use in the management of safety on board a yacht

d) States which yachts must carry copies of the safe working practices code and how many copies are required

e) Can describe an example of a permit to work procedure as might be used in the work environment of a yacht

4   Seaworthiness and Safe Manning

a) Understands the Master’s responsibility to ensure the seaworthiness of the vessel at the commencement of each voyage and the consequences of attempting to proceed to sea in an unsafe and unseaworthy condition

b) Shows appreciation that possession of valid statutory certificates does not, in itself, prove seaworthiness. Understands that the concept of ‘seaworthiness’ can have a much broader definition in the civil courts

c) Demonstrates an understanding of the principles by which a vessel may be deemed to be safely manned in accordance with the STCW convention

d) Explains the application of United Kingdom manning regulations to a pleasure yacht, and the use of the LY21 as an alternative to these regulations

e) States the duties of Master and chief engineer under United Kingdom merchant shipping regulations as they relate to the organising and maintenance of safe navigational and engineering watches

f) Explains the use of standing orders as part of the process of safe delegation and supervision of delegated responsibilities and understands the Master’s responsibilities to ensure that the navigation bridge is manned by an adequate number of suitably qualified people to deal with prevailing circumstances

Contracts

1   Contracts of Salvage

a) Can define and explain the elements of a valid claim for Salvage in Admiralty Law, in the absence of any contractual obligation to pay for the services involved

b) Distinguishes between contracts for assistance based on salvage principles and contracts of hire (towage)

c) Explains the advantages and disadvantages to both parties in the use of each of the above forms of contract with reference to the practicality of negotiating and using such contracts at sea

d) Explains the practical use of Lloyds Open Form of salvage contract, how it can be negotiated and its’ advantages to both parties

e) Explains the interpretation of the expression ‘a place of safety’ as used in Lloyds Open Form of salvage agreement and the need, wherever possible to agree a ‘place of safety’

f) Explains who has the legal right to control the acceptance or rejection of assistance to ships and the possible consequences of attempting to usurp this control

g) States the legal definition of the word ‘derelict’

h) Understands the definitions contained in the International Convention on Salvage

i) Understands the ‘Duties of the Salvor’ and the ‘Duties of the Master/Owner’;

j) Explains the contents of Articles 13 and 14 of the International Convention on Salvage

2   Contracts of Employment (Crew Agreements)

a) Have an understanding of and be able to apply the United Kingdom regulations as they relate to the opening and closing of crew contracts aboard pleasure yachts and be able to state the circumstances in which a pleasure yacht must have an approved crew agreement

b) States that crew members are entitled to and are required to contract on the basis of an approved crew agreement

c) Describes the standard form of approved crew agreement for pleasure yachts and explain how the various documents can be obtained

d) Explains the relationship between an approved crew agreement and any other associated collateral contracts relating to the employment of a particular crew member

e) Describes a procedure for engaging a crew under the standard form of approved crew agreement so as to comply with United Kingdom regulations

f) States the legal obligations of a Master as they relate to the maintenance of crew lists

g) Describes a procedure for terminating a seaman(s) employment under the standard form of yacht crew agreement so as to comply with United Kingdom regulations

h) Defines, with regard to pleasure yachts, those persons on board who are passengers as opposed to crew

i) State the statutory obligations of an employer as they relate to the maintenance and repatriation of seaman

j) Describes a procedure to be followed so as to comply with all United Kingdom regulations relevant to a crew member who:
    

i. dies at sea

    ii. is injured at sea on board a yacht

    iii. is incapacitated due to illness and discharged to hospital

k) Be able to demonstrate a practical understanding of United Kingdom employment law as it relates to yacht crew and be able to:

    i. understand and interpret the elements of the Code of Conduct as it relates to pleasure yachts

    ii. understand and distinguish between Paragraphs 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the Code of Conduct. (Breaches and dealing with breaches of the Code)

    iii. understand fully Paragraph 5 of the Code of Conduct (Conduct in case of emergencies)

    iv. explain the meaning of fair dismissal, unfair dismissal and wrongful dismissal

    v. understand and explain the remedies for unfair dismissal

    vi. understand the conditions for the termination of employment within the context of the crew agreement at the:

          ο request of the Master;

         ο request of the individual;

          ο direct request of the Owner.

3   Yacht Charter Agreements

a) Can distinguish between ‘bareboat’ (Demise) and ‘standard’ time yacht charter party agreements

b) Can describe the consequences of these types of agreement for the owner and charterer in terms of their:
    

i. responsibilities;

    ii. liabilities;

    iii. degree of operational control.

c) Understands the consequences of these contracts for the legal status of the yacht and the effect that this has on the requirement to submit to merchant shipping regulations for a ‘pleasure vessel’ or a ‘commercial vessel’. The role of the LY21 in this context, particularly with regard to the manning scales they contain

4   Marine Insurance

a) Recognises the voluntary and contractual nature of the insurance of yachts

b) Distinguishes between the insurance of a yacht and the insurance of other forms of Owners’ liabilities

c) Explains the following insurance principles:

    i. indemnity, subrogation and contribution

    ii. actual total loss

    iii. presumed total loss

    iv. constructive total loss

    v. deductibles

d) States what is meant by a warranty in an insurance policy and understands the effect on the policy of a breach of warranty

e) Recognises that hull insurance policies place various restrictions on the use of a yacht, in particular the use of the yacht to save or assist in saving property

f) Recognises the change/loss of classification, change of flag or ownership and demise chartering, could all result in automatic termination of hull insurance

g) Recognises that cover in the nature of war risk must be negotiated specifically

h) Describes the duty of an assured (Sue and Labour Clause) and explain its’ significance to the Master of a yacht in need of assistance

i) Explains why Underwriters prefer assistance to ships at sea to be negotiated on the basis of Lloyds Open Form

j) Describes the function of organisations known as P & I Clubs

k) States the type of risks that yacht owners usually insure with P & I Clubs

l) Describes, in general terms, the likely sequence of events after a major claim. Can describe what must be done immediately after an incident and subsequently, in order to act in the owner’s best interests.

1 MSN 1792 (M) or any subsequent amendment

2 MGN 280 (M) Small Vessels in Commercial Use for Sport or Pleasure, Workboats and Pilot Boats or any subsequent amendment

3 SI 1998/1838 The Merchant Shipping (Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen) Regulations 1998 or any subsequent amendment